Principles of Translational Science in Medicine: From Bench to Bedside, Third Edition, provides an update on major achievements in the translation of research into medically relevant results and therapeutics. The book presents a thorough discussion of biomarkers, early human trials, and networking models, and includes institutional and industrial support systems. It also covers algorithms that have influenced all major areas of biomedical research in recent years, resulting in an increasing number of new chemical/biological entities (NCEs or NBEs) as shown in FDA statistics. New chapters include: Translation in Oncology, Biologicals, and Orphan Drugs. The book is ideal for use as a guide for biomedical scientists to establish a systematic approach to translational medicine and is written by worldwide experts in their respective fields.

Principles of Translational Science in Medicine: From Bench to Bedside, Second Edition, provides an update on major achievements in the translation of research into medically relevant results and therapeutics. The book presents a thorough discussion of biomarkers, early human trials, and networking models, and includes institutional and industrial support systems. It also covers algorithms that have influenced all major areas of biomedical research in recent years, resulting in an increasing numbers of new chemical/biological entities (NCEs or NBEs) as shown in FDA statistics. The book is ideal for use as a guide for biomedical scientists to establish a systematic approach to translational medicine.

Elderly people are the main drug consumers in Western societies, as multimorbidity seems to justify a high load of drugs to be supplied to them. People above 65 years of age take an average of five drugs, and this figure increases to almost ten drugs at the age of 75. Serious adverse events (SAE) related to drug use are considered to lead to 100,000 deaths per year in the United States. The primary motivation of doctors resulting in polypharmacy is the treatment of all diagnoses according to the guidelines which recommend three drugs per disease, on average. The mean number of diagnoses at age 80+ is 3.3, leading to ten drugs prescribed to each elderly patient.

As this multimorbidity/polypharmacy challenge apparently leads to therapies which are costly, ineffective and potentially harmful, there is a need to structure drug load reduction approaches. This must be coupled with the enormous and contradictory challenge of undertreated diseases. The DETECT study on the prevalence of hypertension in the Western world, for example, shows that 75% of 75-year-old patients required antihypertensive treatment, but only 20% were sufficiently treated.

The solution is rooted in the skills and experiences which lead medicine in the pre-EBM era. Though the strengths of EBM are indisputable, without evidence-based guidelines applicable to the elderly, careful reasoninig, patient assessment, treatment observation, and integration are the keys to success. "Drug Therapy for the Elderly" provides the practitioner with:

- Background information on the elderly population regarding their needs for particular drugs (with an eye to frailty, co-morbidity patterns, and special sensitivities regarding drug metabolism and excretion)

- Practical advice about drug treatment surveillance paramters in the elderly

- In-depth discussion of drugs in relation to the elderly with specific diagnoses

- Integration of multimorbidity/polypharmacy situations into prioritization schems

- A plan for how to deal with the complexity of polypharmacy situations in a five-minute consultation

An original classification of drugs is proposed by the editor which relates the power of effects, prognostic data, and tolerability to a prioritization scoring with labels ranging from A (indispensible, clear-cut benefit for efficacy/safety ration proven even in elderly patients for a given indiacation, unanimous morbidity and/or mortality data) to D (avoid in elderly, delete first). Whereas current lists intend to eliminate unsafe drugs for the elderly, this novel approach underlines both indispensable and dispensable elements of drug therapy. This approach is the first to not only provide a negative liesting, but also integrates positive data into an overall assessment for drugs fit for the aged.

The demographic revolution of an aging society will lead to increased pressure to come to a rationalistic and age-tailored process of diagnosing and treating increasingly complex situations in the elderly. "Drug Therapy for the Elderly" is focused on the most important treatment modality in medicine and serves as a timely reference for a wide array of physicians.

Despite advancements in the cloning of the total human genome, biomedical innovations at the patient level are becoming rare events. However, translational medicine is a burgeoning science that shows the potential to reverse the trend. This textbook will comprise a state-of-the-art survey of translational medicine, with emphasis on its emerging scientific backbone, its strengths, and its weaknesses. It explores all aspects of preclinical and clinical issues that are relevant to the success of translational pharmaceutical or medical device or diagnostic innovations, including target risk assessment, biomarker evaluation, and predictivity grading for both efficacy and toxicity; early human trial designs that are adequate to guide stop or go decisions on the grounds of biomarker panels; and biostatistical methods to analyze multiple readout situations and quantify risk projections. The book provides guidance to design smart profiling strategies for new approaches aimed at cutting timelines and concentrating on the comparison of quality issues of early developmental processes for pharmaceutical and biotechnology research. By furthering the substantiation of translational medicine, creating awareness about its potential to promote innovations into clinical practice, and examining the terminology surrounding current biotechnologies, this book hopes to create a dialogue about translational science and what this will mean for patient care in the near future.

Neueste Forschungsergebnisse zu extrarenalen Aldosteronwirkungen sind Gegenstand dieses Buches. Die bisherige Forschung hat Mineralkortikoidhormonwirkungen vernachlassigt. In diesem Buch werden sie erstmals am menschlichen Lymphozyten erlautert und interpretiert. Ihr Mechanismus ist an diesem leicht zuganglichen Zellmodell gut zu erforschen. Auch erlaubt das menschliche Lymphozyt entscheidende Einblicke in pathogenetische Vorgange bei Erkrankungen des Wasser- und Elektrolythaushaltes und den Veranderungen bei den verschiedenen Erkrankungen.